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With respect to the uptake of time-of-use tariffs more broadly, it is considered that numbers in this area have been relatively small, and that the major A5.2-42 utilities do not face significant incentives to encourage customers to move on to these tariffs. As of April 2015, only 3.4% of PG&E’s residential customers were on time-of-use tariffs, while SCE Corp and SDG&E had only 0.52% and 0.6% of customers on these tariffs.79
It is interesting to note that for this reason the California Public Utilities Commission has in July 2015 issued a decision80 which will mandate that starting in 2019 all customers will be moved onto time-of-use tariffs on an optout basis. This is expected to provide in the region of 3 GW of demand response in peak times, out of a total peak demand of around 48 to 50 GW, therefore constituting around 6% of peak load. It has not yet been decided what exact form of time-of-use tariff might be used for this purpose
The uptake of time-of-use tariffs on an opt-in basis appears to be relatively limited so far. Texas has around 12% of domestic customers on
different forms of time-of-use pricing, however as a substantial number of these were placed on these tariffs automatically, it is accurate to say that we are not aware of any jurisdiction which has more than between 5 and 12% of consumers on voluntary time-of-use tariffs.
Static time-of-use, such as those with daily peak and off-peak tariffs, or free evenings or weekends, appear to be the most popular variety of timeof-use tariff, with dynamic time-of-use or real-time pricing currently taken up in few places. An exception to this may be critical peak pricing and critical peak rebate tariffs, however, where prices or rewards for not using energy closely reflecting wholesale prices are offered during a capped number of potential stress events per year
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