
the alternator is there to provide the spark, fuelpump, injectors e.t.c you just have to push it fast enough that you can get the engine to turn over at 1000rpm or so
An alternator won't energise if you're trying to bump start it, and certainly wouldn't turn fast, or for long enough, to generate any meaningful output
Bump starting a car with a dead battery usually results in nothing, if there's not enough power to run the dash lights then there's not going to be enough power to run the coils, injectors, or ECU - in a similar fashion with carburetted cars, if the battery is stone dead then there'll be nothing to make a spark and it won't start.
Same with diesels - if there's not enough charge left to open the stop solenoid (or run the electrics, depending on how old it is), it ain't goin' anywhere. You can bump start them but sometimes have to push them (or pull them) with a car - because obviously the compression ratio is usually twice that of the equivalent petrol engine

Some mechanical ones start very easily if pushed, others not so - and obviously if the battery is so flat that the glowplugs can't be heated then it won't be as easy to start.
You can't bump start, in short, any car with an automatic gearbox either, although back in the 30s/40s/50s there were a few that had provisions for it and there's always the odd exception floating around
Bump starting in reverse is also a bad idea as it tends to end up damaging the transmission. Likewise, as mentioned, some cars specifically state not to bump start them as you may damage the emissions and exhaust system - although, of course, sometimes they're just covering all angles to avoid any potential damage.
Aside from this question I am convinced that there was more to his car not starting than the battery being dead...The dashboard lights and boot interior lights would light up but there was no sound at all from the starter motor when turning the key? Instead there was a very fast clicking noise coming from his key ignition block? Any ideas? Imoboliser?
Cheers
Mark
That noise is most probably the starter solenoid - basically the battery is holding enough charge to run the electrics and, when you turn the key, attempts to turn the starter motor - but it doesn't have the ability to because it's run down - so you get that rapid clicking as the starter solenoid flicks back and forth trying to engage the starter.
Put some jump leads on it and it'll probably go straight away
Do the dash lights dim when you turn the key to start it? Usually a giveaway that the battery's flat
