I don't know if it was ever flat out fastest but in the MK1 and Mk2 days, it was certainly in the top set of hot hatch school. It hasn't been the pinnacle of the Golf range since then though. The Mk3 and more so Mk4 reduced it to little more than a trim level. The Mk5 was an improvement but by then the R was established as the new range topper. Since then it has just been developed as a 'fast enough' car. Excepting the Mk4 I don't think it has previously been as far behind the peak as it is now though.
It doesn't need to be more powerful, the problem is it lacks the character of the old mk1 and 2. Like a lot of German cars they made it boring. It's also way more expensive than it should be.
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