The Golden Age of arcade video games was a peak era of arcade game popularity and innovation. Most opinions place this period's beginning in the late 1970s, when color arcade games became more prevalent and video arcades themselves started popping up outside of their traditional bowling alley and bar locales, through to its ending in the mid-1980s. However, some people refer to the Golden Age of video games in general as the entire period when arcades were prevalent in general, placing its start at the 1978 release of Space Invaders and its end in the mid-1990s (This is the Golden age in my opinion) with the release of home gaming systems which were able to rival typical arcade hardware, such as Sony's PlayStation and Nintendo's N64. Some refer to this latter definition, late 80's to mid-90's, as the Silver Age. Anything after that could be classed as the Bronze age.
Golden Age will be different for each person depending on age, however what ive said above applys to video gaming from the very beginning if you was fortunate enough to be around at the start of it all.