They basically make a big tube underground - which passes through both france and switzerland and use electromagnets the size of cars to force particles around the tube in either direction.
Piccy from when i was there:
The magnets force the particles around the tube at close to the speed of light before they are sent into each other.
When they collide they break into loads and loads of pieces. The scientists are recording what pieces - essentially new particles that are created to find new particles - one being gravitons which they believe are the cause of gravity.
That is my understanding however i was there to see their computer infrastructure so im not up on particle physics