They aren't levels though - they're rankings.
If they work correctly, you should hit about the right point and then go up and down a bit, always returning to around that rank. Variation over a few hours of play should be meaningless - it's the long term trend that should matter.
The only way to 'permanently' increase would be to get consistently better at a faster rate than most players.
Obviously, when you have a run of bad luck and find yourself in a lower skilled bracket it can feel very painful to pull out of it, specifically because the people you're playing with (and against) will be worse than you're used to. No cure for that.
The rankings are on a bell curve - once you're above rank 50 you are better than the majority of players.
for example, by skill rating 54, you're actually in the top 30% of players.
Link to rating distribution
Really uninstalled? Not just "I'll leave this for a bit" or "I'll play some quick play"?
Try using the reddit find-a-group thing - any premade, even one of strangers, will be better than solo queue if you're really that tilted by rubbish teammates. At least you know it's people who are willing to try/talk.