Thai cave rescue - One of the divers has died

Multiple phobias rolled into one. :eek:


very horrible way to go, but can someone explain to me what happened here. Googling indicate he fell into a uncontrolled decent, but I don't understand why? Did he loose consciousness, loose buoyancy because of change in density of water, what happened exactly?

normally i would hold no sympathy for Darwin award winners, but because these are kids I really hope they all get out safe.

I don't get why they went so deep into the came structure and they picked the worst time as well, during rainy season. Surely there must have been multiple warning of this, severe flooding of cave structures if it rains.
 
The idea of pumping out faster is also, I understand, not viable as the local area where it is being pumped is saturated now. It’ll just go straight back into the water table and they can’t predict where it will go after that. I suspect when the rains arrive the situation won’t have improved.
 
very horrible way to go, but can someone explain to me what happened here. Googling indicate he fell into a uncontrolled decent, but I don't understand why? Did he loose consciousness, loose buoyancy because of change in density of water, what happened exactly?

normally i would hold no sympathy for Darwin award winners, but because these are kids I really hope they all get out safe.

I don't get why they went so deep into the came structure and they picked the worst time as well, during rainy season. Surely there must have been multiple warning of this, severe flooding of cave structures if it rains.


I think the water cut them off and they went deeper and deeper to escape the rising water
 
very horrible way to go, but can someone explain to me what happened here. Googling indicate he fell into a uncontrolled decent, but I don't understand why? Did he loose consciousness, loose buoyancy because of change in density of water, what happened exactly?

* he wasn't fully trained for such a challenging dive
* he was carrying too much equipment, which made him too heavy for his buoyancy device; this caused him to plummet uncontrollably to the sea bed

* he took only one tank (a full dive at the Blue Hole site requires several tanks)
* his tank was filled with air, instead of trimix (a combination of oxygen, nitrogen, and helium that helps divers to resist nitrogen narcosis)
* by the time he reached the bottom he was overwhelmed by nitrogen narcosis and completely disoriented; at this point there was no way he could survive, though he didn't know it yet

* in desperation he removed his air regulator and tried to use it to inflate his buoyancy device
* he drowned
 
* he wasn't fully trained for such a challenging dive
* he was carrying too much equipment, which made him too heavy for his buoyancy device; this caused him to plummet uncontrollably to the sea bed

* he took only one tank (a full dive at the Blue Hole site requires several tanks)
* his tank was filled with air, instead of trimix (a combination of oxygen, nitrogen, and helium that helps divers to resist nitrogen narcosis)
* by the time he reached the bottom he was overwhelmed by nitrogen narcosis and completely disoriented; at this point there was no way he could survive, though he didn't know it yet

* in desperation he removed his air regulator and tried to use it to inflate his buoyancy device
* he drowned

Thank you for the explanation but surely he must have know he is sinking and he could have just dismounted his equipotential unless i am oversimplification how easy it must be to dismount such equipment. I would have assumed some of these must be on quick release system installed or safety measures for such situations?

I am sure some deep sea divers carry negative buoyancy weight to help them sink but these seem just to be a belt with weights.

I assume the trimix is requires for dives greater than 60meters plus, the entrance to the tunnel take of blue hole takes you to 50 meters, still not needing trimix at this depth, just.

I don't know i still don't get this but thanks anyway.
 
Thank you for the explanation but surely he must have know he is sinking and he could have just dismounted his equipotential unless i am oversimplification how easy it must be to dismount such equipment. I would have assumed some of these must be on quick release system installed or safety measures for such situations?

I am sure some deep sea divers carry negative buoyancy weight to help them sink but these seem just to be a belt with weights.

I assume the trimix is requires for dives greater than 60meters plus, the entrance to the tunnel take of blue hole takes you to 50 meters, still not needing trimix at this depth, just.

I don't know i still don't get this but thanks anyway.

So here's what most likely happened to this guy, since most people who aren't divers may be confused as to what happened to him.

He's diving at a place called the Blue Hole in Dahab, Egypt. It's a natural sinkhole, but is unique in the fact that it connects to the open see through a natural "arch." It's notorious for killing inexperienced divers that try to swim through the arch and either can't find it, underestimate its depth and run out of gas, or get nitrogen narcosis from the wrong mixture and eventually drown. He did not die trying to find the arch and you can read about the countless arch deaths elsewhere.

He most likely was doing a "bounce dive" to the bottom, which is where you just plummet to the bottom and come up immediately, usually to break a personal depth record. It is incredibly foolish and dangerous. You can see him show his dive computer to the camera multiple times, so it's probably to verify to people that he actually hit the bottom. He was diving with a SINGLE tank of AIR. This is the major contributing factor to his death. At 90 meters (10 ATM), he only had 1/10th of the gas in that tank available because of the pressure. He also was using AIR which is 78% nitrogen. At depths below 100feet, NITROGEN becomes intoxicating. This is called nitrogen narcosis. At this depth it probably felt like he downed 8 martinis. Also, OXYGEN is TOXIC at great depths, and results in seizures and ultimately death. So while you MAY survive the nitrogen narcosis at great depths on air, at depths greater than 190 feet(56m) you are increasing the chances you are going to take an oxygen "hit" and convulse and die on your next breath. And this is only two of the many ways you can die scuba diving :\ That is why technical divers that are diving deep use mixes of gas called trimix that replace some of the nitrogen and oxygen with helium, which is inert, so they can keep a clear head and not worry about oxygen toxicity.

When you dive, you need to balance your buoyancy with your BCD, which you inflate with gas as you descend. Once again, if he filled it up all the way at sea level, at 10ATM (90m) it would only have 1/10 of the volume. That's why you have to keep filling it as you descend, which is the hissing noise you hear. It was discovered that he was also overweighted with heavy camera equipment. Overweighting is common with new divers (they were not shown how to properly calculate the amount of lead weights to use) and causes them to constantly have to fill/dump air in their BCD and their buoyancy goes to **** (It's called "yo-yoing")

Okay so let's put all of these mistakes together.

1) He was diving AIR, which should never be used below 190 feet (~58m) because of the oxygen toxicity, and is rarely used below 130ft (~39m) anyways because using trimix will prevent the nitrogen narcosis so you can actually remember your dive. Yuri was in lala land at 90 meters for sure.

2)He had a single tank. At those depths you might as well just learn to freedive really deep and just hold your breath

3) He was overweighted, which caused him to have to empty his tank into his BCD when attempting to ascend.

4) He was diving alone. I don't think I need to explain.

At the end he probably almost emptied his tank trying to inflate his BCD to ascend. When he wasn't ascending, his breathing rate would naturally rise, causing more of the toxic mixture into his body. You can see that he most likely goes into convulsions from an oxygen "hit" at the very end. This would cause the regulator to fall out of his mouth. Nitrogen narcosis will actually lower your seizure threshold. There was unlikely enough gas in his tank anyways to get him positively buoyant. He did not get caught in the sand (whatever that means), attacked by a shark, or try to yell for help like someone suggests in the video. Just inexperience, poor planning, and frankly, stupidity. Also, There is a video on youtube of his body being recovered by an experienced technical diver. When you see the equipment and preparation it takes to go to 92 meters safely, you can appreciate the dangers that accompany deep diving.

TL;DR: A combination of nitrogen narcosis, oxygen toxicity, a single tank, improper gas mix, and overweighting killed him. Not a shark, not the bottom turning into quicksand, not a zombie diver. Just inexperience, stupidity, and probably arrogance.

Explains it all pretty well https://www.reddit.com/r/videos/comments/4y13ex/diver_records_his_own_death_as_he_sinks_to_the/
 
Thank you for the explanation but surely he must have know he is sinking and he could have just dismounted his equipotential unless i am oversimplification how easy it must be to dismount such equipment. I would have assumed some of these must be on quick release system installed or safety measures for such situations?

I am sure some deep sea divers carry negative buoyancy weight to help them sink but these seem just to be a belt with weights.

I assume the trimix is requires for dives greater than 60meters plus, the entrance to the tunnel take of blue hole takes you to 50 meters, still not needing trimix at this depth, just.

I don't know i still don't get this but thanks anyway.


Nearly all divers will carry some form of weights as you’ll be more Buoyant on the surface and can find it hard to descend , but as you get deeper the pressure will reduce the volume of the gas in your body and the bcd (buoyancy jacket) so you need to refill it with more air the deeper you go to avoid a rapid descent. With practice you can actually change your buoyancy slightly by inflating of deflating your lungs. This reverse is also true, as you ascend you need to release gas to avoid a rapid ascent which is usually more dangerous than a rapid decent and causes decompression sickness as the gas bubbles in your body want to expand too quickly, kind of like opening a shaken bottle of fizzy drink.

He could have undone and dropped his weight belt or dropped weights in his bcd if he had them ,maybe he thought he’d be ok. Once you get nitrogen narcosis though your brain won’t think correctly

Trimix is used Because oxygen becomes poisonous to humans at below 56m as the partial pressure increases, so a mix with less oxygen in is used for deeper diving, once he’s exceeded this depth without trimix he’s more or less dead anyways

So basically a simple oversight has snowballed
 
I am sure some deep sea divers carry negative buoyancy weight to help them sink but these seem just to be a belt with weights.

you usually want to be neutral, sometimes weights will be used to balance things out, the deeper you go the less buoyant you are, you certainly don't need more weight to go deeper! If you're wearing a wetsuit it compresses and loses buoyancy as you descend, if you're wearing a dry suit then you'll be using it to control buoyancy and will periodically have to inflate it with more air as you descend (and likewise at the end of the dive you'll have to keep on letting air out of the suit so as not to ascend too quickly), if you don't have a dry suit then you'll perhaps be making use of a BCD for buoyancy or wearing a "wing" on your back that you can inflate more

anyway the other two posters have provided more details re: the video that was posted - essentially he didn't seem to have a buddy, he wasn't properly equipped and seemingly didn't have much of a dive plan either...
 
thanks for the explanations everyone, now that link makes it all very clear.

sad that such a simple mistake can take your life in such a horrific way, drowning and burning both as bad as each other.

l hope these kids get out safe and big thank you to all those helping them and risking their own lives.
 
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Construction took 8 hours.

The "sub" wil have 4 air tank connections, 2 at the front, 2 at the back that can allow oxygen tanks to be connected, all recessed for protection and 4 handles.

It's been confirmed, that it's small enough to move inside the passages.

He's also working on a inflatable tube with airlocks that the boys can use to crawl through.
 
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Construction took 8 hours.

The "sub" wil have 4 air tank connections, 2 at the front, 2 at the back that can allow oxygen tanks to be connected, all recessed for protection and 4 handles.

It's been confirmed, that it's small enough to move inside the passages.

He's also working on a inflatable tube with airlocks that the boys can use to crawl through.


I am a MASSIVE Musk fanboy, to the point where I should probably be concerned, but I can't help but wonder how much of this is for publicity and how much is for humanitarian reasons.
 
I think the water cut them off and they went deeper and deeper to escape the rising water
I think @AMDPower was asking about the video of the diver rather than what happened to the boys stuck in the cave. I also didn't quite understand what happened to the diver in that video.
 
I assume the trimix is requires for dives greater than 60meters plus, the entrance to the tunnel take of blue hole takes you to 50 meters, still not needing trimix at this depth, just.

He dropped past the 60 metre mark very quickly. By the time he reached the bottom, he was at 125 metres.
 
Whilst i hope they all get out safe and well.

I'm confused as to why a teacher would take his pupils , all untrained , almost 3 miles into a cave ?

Wouldn't the first time he came across a part that was 'so narrow you couldn't fit air tanks through' , raised an alarm bell ?
 
I am a MASSIVE Musk fanboy, to the point where I should probably be concerned, but I can't help but wonder how much of this is for publicity and how much is for humanitarian reasons.

Oh am sure it's good publicity, but if you are a fan of Musk that much, you know he's no stranger to things like this, he's always helping things.

The device if they use it, comes over as a extra strong sealed bag, like what submariners use to escape.

That said, they kicking out all the fake news media. Rescue may happen any moment now.
 
Whilst i hope they all get out safe and well.

I'm confused as to why a teacher would take his pupils , all untrained , almost 3 miles into a cave ?

Wouldn't the first time he came across a part that was 'so narrow you couldn't fit air tanks through' , raised an alarm bell ?

might not have headed into that narrow part until they realised their exit was blocked
 
Whilst i hope they all get out safe and well.

I'm confused as to why a teacher would take his pupils , all untrained , almost 3 miles into a cave ?

Wouldn't the first time he came across a part that was 'so narrow you couldn't fit air tanks through' , raised an alarm bell ?

Ah it didn't work out like that, they was forced further into the cave by the flooding, the area they was inside was from my understanding, was okay, not as bad.

That said, this cave system is known to flood and it was around this time it floods, should had avoided it.
 
Ah it didn't work out like that, they was forced further into the cave by the flooding, the area they was inside was from my understanding, was okay, not as bad.

That said, this cave system is known to flood and it was around this time it floods, should had avoided it.

True, didn't allow for flash flooding.

But still, avoidable.

Fingers crossed for them all
 
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