It's been a while since I've used floppy power cables, so things may have changed, but the smaller power connectors for floppy drives have almost always been smaller gauge than the standard molex power connector that you would have typically found on IDE hard drives.
I suspect that would have been a legacy of the old HDD days, 5.25" drive connectors had their roots in full height drives (twice the height or more of a CD rom drive), which needed much more power to spin up as they had big heavy platters, and usually multiples of them using a drive motor from the 70's or early 80's.
Remember 5.25" drive connectors and their wire gauge/current capacity were specified back in the early 80's and after it was ratified for the AT spec it had to be carried forward in all later PSU specifications to ensure backwards compatibility (the same say IDE and SATA would work backwards at the best common speed/instruction set shared between host and device).
So your 5.25" drive cable is basically set to carry enough current for 2-4x 80's era full height drives, whilst your modern internal HDD is probably not drawing much more than an 80's era floppy drive and those 3.5" drive connectors and cables were set to carry power for at least two floppies from memory.
It's also the reason those old 5.25" cables have been used repeatedly to power things like additional case fans and even videocards, there is/was the spare current carrying capacity in them.
IIRC it's the same reason the ATX connectors have several pins supplying voltages that are no longer used on modern boards directly because the cost of running the connections for that voltage was more than putting a more reliable and tighter tolerance voltage converter next to the part that needed it or there are no longer any parts that need it on the board.
Basically there are still electrical connectors and supplies in our 2024 era PC's that are based on what was needed back when full height drives were in use, and your motherboard may not have had any IO on it other than a large DIN keyboard connector (I remember having one that had an IO card to provide the mouse port, floppy drive and hard drive).