Well when you spec up a system, as you know you need to ensure everything fits together.
So, firstly i decide on what processor i want. Say i want a AMD 965. Its a socket AM3 chip.
Then i go looking for a decient socket AM3 motherboard, lets say i find one, now the motherboard will support a certain memory to take to the rest of the system, it will usually be DDR3 nowdays, ddr2 will not fit in a dd3 system, they are notched slighly different.
So now i know i need ddr3, so i go back to the mobo and see what it can support, lets just say it will support ddr 1800 (overclock) and lower ie 1600,1333,10666 etc and if its dual channel memory (2 sticks) or triple channel (3 sticks) someone can correct me if im wrong but i think the current AM3 socket is dual channel at the moment.
Now you need to decide what Mhz ram you want. I normally go for in the middle/highish but not the top one, so i select the 1600Mhz ram.
DDR3 PC3-
16000C7 1600MHz Triple Channel
The 1600Mhz lets you know the Mhz of the ram it can run at.
The C7 is the cas latency of the memory, how much latency before it responds to request for data etc etc. The higher it is IE CL9 is slower then CL6 etc etc.
Hope this helps.
EDIT: You actually can run ddr2 or dd3 with some crazy hybrid board
http://www.maximumpc.com/article/news/msi_releases_ddr2ddr3_hybrid_motherboards