This is because it takes around 3 hours for photons from the Supernova to "escape" the star with all the interactions that happen on the way out.
Neutrinos don't interact with matter and so escape instantly...
I think you are a bit confused... C (the speed of light in a vacuum) is constant!! It's THE universal constant! Yes, light can travel slower than C is different mediums, but that isn't the speed of light lowering - it's the absorption and re-emission of photon speed that lowers... light speed is still light speed. The speed of light in a vacuum is a constant and does not waver - the example you cite is incorrect.
Now the second point, I said that if you can send information Faster than Light then you break Causality. This means, that if you could send a signal (or matter, anything with "information") faster than light, via Lorentz transformations and other mathematics the signal you send could arrive back to you BEFORE you send the signal out!
Imagine the signal says "Don't send this signal". You never send it, and it never returns telling you to not send it... so you send it. This is causality. Breaking causality will ruin physics as we know it, and it should be unbreakable. How can the effect occurr before the cause?
This is why FTL information travel is impossible. Either FTL is impossible, Causality is wrong or Special Relativity has everything wrong.
Choose!
Oh... and read this:
http://johncostella.webs.com/neutrino-blunder.pdf
Looks like the statistics and maths need another examination