Both spark plug changes* and oil changes can alter emission readings, air filter changes can help as well.
A lot of cats are on a bit of knifes edge and it doesn't take much at all to push them either way. Have got dozens through emissions tests by adding a petrol treatment and doing a bit of a run.
*Even pretty much new ones especially if changing make, had a pug 206 which refused to pass despite driving perfectly, swapped out the 1000 mile NGK plugs for nearly identical Bosch ones and it instantly went through, sometimes you just get a odd batch.