I suspect your desktop got screwed somehow and you synced up the empty list to your other devices. You could check the .bak file on your laptop I guess.
System Restore might work, yes. Pull your internet cable, do the restore and grab the bookmarks file. You could also open Chrome's Bookmark manager while offline, export your bookmarks to html then undo the restore, connect back to the net and import the html.
Look at the properties for the 'bookmarks' file first though. The Previous Versions tab might save you doing a full restore.