(Note, I've only studied one year in Electronics, and then few years as more of a side study, so I might get few things wrong, but all of the below is how I've understood it)
VAC == Volts of Alternating Current
VDC == Volts of Direct Current
The problem in your case is that the monitor wants 100-240VAC. 100 for US, 240 for EU. The power circuitry will detect which (or anything between), and act accordingly.
But most of the consumer electronics work internally in DC, they are just fed with AC. There's also a difference with regards to where the AC/DC conversion is made.
In the monitor's case, it probably has a power unit with a transformer inside the device itself. In your speakers' case, the transformer is the heavy thingy integrated with the wall plug, meaning the transformer is outside the device (though other circuitry may still be inside the device).
In other words, your speakers' power wire already transforms the 240VAC into 27VDC. On the other hand, the monitor expected 100-240VAC, which it would try to transform into 12VDC. Unfortunately, it was fed with the 27VDC, instead. And quite apparently the monitor's power circuitry wasn't equipped with transforming 27VDC into 12VDC.
As for how far the fault managed to run, can't say. It might be that there's a fuse right in the beginning of the circuitry, and it will be a simple case of exchanging the fuse (will require opening the monitor's back plate, though). But if it managed to do more, then you might indeed have a broken monitor in your hands.
But now that I read it more thoroughly, you stated that the Dell has a power brick, and it has a light on it? If this is the case, then it's probably a two-piece line, where the transformer brick is in the middle (like with laptops)? And it's more probable that the brick transforms the 100-240VAC into the 12VDC. In other words, the monitor wanted 12VDC, but your speakers' power line fed it 27VDC, over twice as much as it wanted (or was willing to tolerate). But the fuse solution applies here, too. You'll just have to check whether there's a fuse you can change.