Referencing university essays.

jonesy

jonesy

jonesy

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Anyone give me a quick guide on how to properly reference in a uni essay? Had a look on google but could not find what I was after.

Reason I ask is I just got a poor mark for an essay and a general point was referencing, I just stick all my references in at the end of the paper?


Any help much appreciated.
 
jonesy said:
Anyone give me a quick guide on how to properly reference in a uni essay? Had a look on google but could not find what I was after.

Reason I ask is I just got a poor mark for an essay and a general point was referencing, I just stick all my references in at the end of the paper?


Any help much appreciated.
Click to expand...

What referencing system are you supposed to use?
(or what subject is this).

I usually just use IEEE ordered numeric listed references.
 
harvard. On my lit review i got most my references off journals. Some of my references were from 1987. ha ha, as if i looked at those books

For example, do it like this-

Kalakota, R, and Whinston, A. Electronic commerce: A managers Guide: Addison Wesley Longman Inc, 1997.
 
good way is just stick who you quoted /paraphrased right before/after the quote and what book its from etc. then do a bibliography too.
 
We don't use the Harvard system (At my uni, on my course), it looks nicer but I don't think it's as good!
What Tefal suggested is also a good idea, but that's generally for more general ideas of an author, page references will usually be wanted for a quote or statistic.
 
The Harvard system:

Author, A. (2007) The Title of My Book, Publisher, Place Published.

Smith, J. Author, A. and Damon, M. (eds) (1993) Title of the Paper, Journal Name, Volume (Number), pp. 1-1337

'eds' refers to editors where 'eds' is multiple and 'ed.' is single.

Here's some examples:

Bryson, B. (2004) A Short History of Nearly Everything, Black Swan, London.

Kollmuss, A. and Agyeman, J. (2002) Mind the Gap: Why do people act environmentally and what are the barriers to pro-environmental behaviour? Environmental Education Research, 8 (3), pp. 239-260

Generally speaking though, lecturers don't really care what system you use as long as it's clear where your references came from.
 
If I'm quoting from a book, I'll generally stick a footnote on the same page, on the format:

1 Scalapino, R., Democracy and the Party Movement in Prewar Japan (1967, University of California Press), pp. 41

That's always been fine in any essay I've done, with a full bibliography at the end, though different institutions do sometimes expect other methods.
 
Nix said:
The Harvard system:

Author, A. (2007) The Title of My Book, Publisher, Place Published.

Smith, J. Author, A. and Damon, M. (eds) (1993) Title of the Paper, Journal Name, Volume (Number), pp. 1-1337

'eds' refers to editors where 'eds' is multiple and 'ed.' is single.

Here's some examples:

Bryson, B. (2004) A Short History of Nearly Everything, Black Swan, London.

Kollmuss, A. and Agyeman, J. (2002) Mind the Gap: Why do people act environmentally and what are the barriers to pro-environmental behaviour? Environmental Education Research, 8 (3), pp. 239-260
.
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This is how I do it, it's the same in all the journals and books i've read basically. Footnote for each and everytime you use something, whether it's a fact, idea or quote and then Bibliography at the back.

footnoteep3.jpg


bilblu4.jpg
 
Yeah, but you do/did law :p

Citing in text i.e. (Dawkins, 2006: xii) is usually enough for some departments :D
 
fifiov said:
If I'm quoting from a book, I'll generally stick a footnote on the same page, on the format:

1 Scalapino, R., Democracy and the Party Movement in Prewar Japan (1967, University of California Press), pp. 41

That's always been fine in any essay I've done, with a full bibliography at the end, though different institutions do sometimes expect other methods.
Click to expand...

'pp.' is usually for more than one page. In your example 'p.41' would be more accurate.
 
And learn to use Ibid and op cit fn.x, which basically means, Ditto and Also cited in another footnote, x being the footnote number.

So that you don't keep repeating the same footnote if you use that one a few times, to keep things tidy.
 
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