Semiconductor power P, P=kLV²F
Where:
L = Load (from software)
V = Core voltage
F = Chip frequency
k = Empirical constant for the chip.
Pd = Total cpu power
TDP = Thermal Design Power (stock power)
Therefore delta P, i.e. change in power. The constants cancel, rearranged for total power.
Pd = TDP x (F2/F1) x (V2/V1)²
Or a little easier to understand
OCed Watts = TDP x (OCed Mhz / Default Mhz) x (OCed Vcore / Default Vcore)²
online version
Its actually a little more complicated in real life as this approximation takes no account of the leakage, i.e. power used with no load, this also scales. But its delta is tiny compared to the dynamic values above, so good enough.