Technically DVI-D, HDMI and (mini) Displayport offer exactly the same image quality and the time sending the signal/lag is effectively the same, since other factors (such as the lag within the monitor) are much greater.
When you say DVI-S, may I ask what you mean? Do you mean DVI-D (single link) or something else?
Here is an explanation of the different DVI types which include DVI-D (purely digital), DVI-I (digital and analogue) and DVI-A (purely analogue).
As for which one to go for, I would personally go for Displayport or DVI. Neither of these have the annoying scaling issues HDMI can often have when it is initially set up. Also, depending on your type of monitor (be it a high resolution 2560x1440+ resolution panel or a 120Hz model) the DVI (dual link) and Displayport 1.2 connections offer enough bandwidth to support these settings - while HDMI often can't. Between DVI and Displayport, I would go with displayport - as the connector is smaller and easier to install (so long as your monitor supports it).
Also, it is often nice to leave the HDMI port free so you can easily plug in a HDTV to your computer without much trouble (and get the sound working).