Why do chips vary in overclock?

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just been playing around with 2 setups both identical i7 2600k, one i can get at 4.8 stable no problems with under 1.35volts but other one took over 1.45 to get 4.8 which was ower in heat then my other but kept blue screening wanting more voltage

1st chip was L101B360 - very good at 4.8
2nd chip L104A476 - not good at 4.8

strange even though they are manufactured exactly the same process
 
You try making 2 billion nanometer scale structures identical.

Variations in wafers, gate length/width, gate oxide thickness etc.

Maybe a truck was driving past or a micro earthquake happened when the lesser one was made, the vibrations make a difference.
 
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Intel also "bins" chips meaning that you can have a wide variance in them depending on where they come from on the wafer. However, some chips are sold based on supply and demand more than simply how fast it will go. This is 1 reason why in some cases a $250 CPU will clock as well as a $1000 Extreme Edition CPU.
 
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