If you just reset or reinstalled windows
Then yes data can be recovered
Use a free software like recuva or easeus for example
Do the quick scan then deep scan to see
But from experience I have recovered data even
After several reinstall of windows
For HDD use something that overwrites several times
I used to use dban boot and nuke back when
I used mechanical drives
For ssds -- not nvme M2 those are harder
Look for manufacturers utility or a utility in your bios
Ssds they can be done in seconds by sort of giving
The cells a higher voltage is how it works I think
But even then you need to test recuva,easeus etc on them
Afterwards as have been cases of some manufacturers so called
Secure erase not actually doing it properly
Other options use a Linux disk
To do sata secure erase command
Or for nvme M2 the only thing I have found that actually did it right
Is parted magic even though I tried other things that used nvme cli
Or hd parm
Trying to recover data afterwards was still successful
Sorry for the long reply lol but since there's a ton of sensitive
Data on our hard drives you have to be a bit paranoid
But I did a post ages ago about how hard especially nvme M2 drives
Were to secure erase
You could do a load of overwrites on an SSD I guess
Not very good for ssds but if that's what's required you have to do it
For what it's worth I found Samsung's secure erase worked correctly
But I only tested ssds as it didn't support my sm951 M2 even though it's Samsung
Corsairs utility did not make data unrecoverable
Whether that's been fixed now I couldn't say
