Technical details
The pits in a CD are 500 nm wide, between 830 nm and 3,000 nm long and 150 nm deep.
The Red Book specifies the physical parameters and properties of the CD, the optical "stylus" parameters, deviations and error rate, modulation system (Eight-to-Fourteen Modulation, EFM) and error correction (Cross-interleaved Reed-Solomon coding, CIRC), and subcode channels and graphics.
It also specifies the form of digital audio encoding: 2-channel signed 16-bit PCM sampled at 44 100 Hz.
The frequency response of audio CD, from 20 Hz to 22.05 kHz
Bit rate = 44,100 samples/sec × 16 bit/sample × 2 channels = 1,411,200 bit/sec to convert into kilobits as the byte[3] conversion where kilo equals 1024 = 1,411,200/1024 = 1,378.125 kbit/s (10.09 MByte per minute)
Sample values range from -32768 to +32767.
On the disc, the data is stored in sectors of 2352 bytes each, read at 75 sectors/s. Onto this the overhead of EFM, CIRC, L2 ECC, and so on, is added, but these are not typically exposed to the application reading the disc.
By comparison, the bit rate of a "1x" data CD is defined as 2048 bytes/sector × 75 sectors/s = exactly 150 KiB/s = about 8.8 MiB per minute.