Sorry, haven't read all the replies, but there's a couple of points I think you may find relevant. Just to set my stall out, I've studied philosophy post grad and have my Masters in Natural Philosophy - this particular question is a fascinating one and one I've personally been struggling with for years.
The points I'd raise are:
Religion and belief in Deity or conceptual 'god'
I believe it is a mistake to mix the two as more often than not people are talking about opposing ideas. You talk religion with somebody and typically they start thinking and talking about organizations, rather than spirituality behind the ideas of a deity.
Does god cause suffering?
There's different ways to look at this issue. What if there wasn't any suffering? To be blunt - there would be no point. There would be no progress or development. Needs must if you will.
You can match the requirement to progress against the requirement not to suffer.
The progression on this though is 'why does god allow suffering?'. Again I'd suggest looking at it another way. What if god did not allow suffering? You're back at the 'no point' argument. Tie this to the idea then that god 'allows' earthquakes then, and volcano eruptions - natural disasters that have cost millions of lives over the years?
...again there's another way to view it - very much based on the idea of change is good (i.e. for progress). What if 'he' didn't allow natural disasters? Well, in the case of earthquakes (crust renewal), volcano eruptions (again crust renewal), flooding (ground soil enrichment) there would be no progress. The nutrients would be eventually removed, plants would die, and the world would dry up.
Natural change is absolutely essential for the survival of life. You can really see how people matched the events directly to human survival and prosperity can't you?
The trick to writing a good, interesting, and challenging essay about such a subject is to tackle the points directly from both a theological and from a natural standpoint. By natural I mean natural science of life/matter evolution.
I've no issue with people's spirituality and their need/want/preference to believe in a deity - whatever it's form. I do have an issue with organised religion pushing it's often ridiculous and unfounded ideas on me. If you feel a little inflamed by that then please read it again
You could have a lot of fun with such a question
