As I say, I can understand how our ears determine position from left or right, but if a sound is directly above or below us, how do the ears determine that?
We have three ways of determining direction.
(1) phase + amplitude difference between two ears (360 degree plane around us + some z-axis)
(2) simple amplitude per ear (far away or close)
(3) the shape of the outer ear alters how different sounds are perceived, and helps us detect whether sound is coming from above or below us. People with their outer ears cut off find it difficult to localise sounds too
