Humans on the other hand have an inherent understanding of what pointing means. Take an untrained dog and a toddler who never experienced pointing before, point and the dog would just look at the end of your finger whereas the child would look in the direction your were pointing.
Even in humans such behaviour is learned. We aren't born with an innate understanding that an outstretched arm and finger indicates the path to an object of interest - but we
are capable of understanding the gesture far more quickly and completely than a dog (or other trainable animal) - even from a very early age. As children our brains are primarily designed for such rapid uptake of information, and our intelligence and problem solving abilities allow us to understand the gesture at a completely different level to a dog or even (say) a Chimpanzee.
... An interesting but related topic is "gaze following". If you walk past someone staring at the sky (or a building or something else out of the ordinary) then your conditioned behaviour is to look there also. This is a behavioural trait that is shared by most primates, but is not observed in other animals despite rigorous training. (e.g.
basic outline of gaze following). This is an example of a different kind of recognition - in gaze following we're not just associating an action with a reaction, we're recognising another beings "sense of self", and how it relates to our own existence. It's a derivative of empathy, which is not a common trait among the animal kingdom.
Going back to the "pointing" aspect again, cats can also be taught the implication of the gesture to some degree. If I walk past my stairs and point up them, then one of my cats understands this as a signal that I will be gong up to bed soon, so she chirps happily and trots on up to get settled on the bed. I sleep very odd hours so it's not necessarily a time-of-day related thing. Obviously she doesn't understand this gesture at the same level as a dog, who doesn't understand it to the same level as an ape, who doesn't understand it to the same level as a human. She could never reciprocate the gesture, or even or understand its application to other scenarios - but still, it's a conditioned response based on an action - the same way that human children learn. The major difference is a reduced abstract problem-solving ability in comparison to a dog -> primate -> human.
I find animal behaviour fascinating. The more you look at it the more you see the origins of our own skills and the way we view the world
