Legal Advice re Potential Business Dilution

Soldato
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Hondon de las Nieves, Spain
After some advice if possible although I accept that professional legal advice would need to be sought. Just trying to get an idea as I know in law what you might think is the process is rarely actually the case!

My wife and friend set up a business around last October. Things were going well as a mobile service and they’d hit capacity issues so they decided to open up a fixed premises to operate from. The mobile operation was initially funded by my wife who invested just over £6k. Around March this year my wife then invested a further £4.5k and they each took out a personal loan for £8.5k to help fit out the unit and give them a buffer to cover overheads.

They finally opened last Tuesday after many months of hard work and things seemed to be going well (apart from having overspent in kitting out the unit). Until yesterday when her friend decided she’s had enough and wants to walk away, queue some arguments between them as it all came out of the blue and as such they’re not particularly on speaking terms at the moment.

This leaves us in the current position. My wifes not particularly sure if she can continue the business on her own and due to financial constraints is unable to fund any staff to cover the workload. There is bugger all money left in the current account (probably around £2k at the moment) and not much in the way of sellable assets. Most of the kit out was structural/building related. All they have is a van which my wife initially bought and is registered to her individually and some small sundry items which would probably be worth around £1k in total.

From a legal standpoint could anyone clarify the various options available under the following possibilities.

1 – The wife decides she can’t continue as a business and they have to close down. As far as I can tell they have a 50/50 share agreement (they formed a limited company) with my wife having “A” shares and her friend having “B” shares. As such I figure that any realisable assets would be sold and split 50/50 regardless of the capital which was introduced. Is this right?

2 – The wife can get help from family/friends to cover the workload for a couple months whilst their customer base expands and allows her to recruit staff on a permanent basis. From this point she would need to transfer the shares her friend owns to herself. What realistically could her friend claim as to the value of her shares. Obviously the last thing we’d want would be for us to struggle and put the work in to make the business successful only for her friend to wave her shares agreement and reap the rewards. However on the other hand we’re not particularly in a position to offer much of a payoff let alone the solicitors fees as most of our money has been poured into the business.

Any advice would be gratefully received. Obviously the advice of choosing a business partner more carefully is obvious!
 
I would think that because there are no assets as such you might ask the "friend" if she wants to dissolve and be liable for all the costs ( solicitors ) etc and any other liabilities, or she signs over and walks away.

Sounds like she is hoping you carry on and she reaps the rewards later.

If you close it down they will BOTH be out of pocket anyway.... if you can convince her to sign over and walk away you at least have a chance to turn it round.

If you dissolve the friend is still 10k down and possibly more due to fees and costs..... she isnt going to get that back is she. But if you carry on she has a half share of any future profits as she is half owner/shareholder.

It all depends how daft/smart this friend is.

The smart way in my mind would be to convince this friend that she is going to be better cutting and running with the losses she has already suffered, rather than be liable for even more. :p
 
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Ask friend to sign to resign as director and to accept a share buy-back. Buy back at face value (i.e. the nominal £1). THen carry on as normal.

Problems if the friend won't sign over, of course. Or if they want further consideration for their shares.
 
Cheers so it's up to her really as to how complicated it has to be.

I know about 2 months ago she said she wanted out and seemed shocked when my wife said she couldn’t just withdraw her £8500 loan from the bank and leave with leaving all the risk and spend on my wifes shoulders when it was a joint decision to start up.

Hopefully it’ll be amicable and they can both move forward in whatever capacity they chose, it’s the loss of friendship which is the real shame as I know how close they were. Maybe it’s just another tick against the statistics of broken friendships/relationships through the strain of trying to make a business work.
 
Ask friend to sign to resign as director and to accept a share buy-back. Buy back at face value (i.e. the nominal £1). THen carry on as normal.

Problems if the friend won't sign over, of course. Or if they want further consideration for their shares.

Does this need Solicitor involvement or could they draft something up themselves?


EDIT: Just been told that apparently even though my wife bought the van last year, it's registered in her friends name as it was being kept at her house as she has a drive and hadn't been transferred into the company name. Hopefully that won't cause any further issue since legally I imagine she has the right to sell it as her own.
 
I was involved in a similar situation recently.

The "friend" in that particular case was bought out of their half and their loans to the company repaid.

There's accountants that will produce valuations of how much a small business is worth.
 
Sounds like things could get messy, to be honest.

Being legal keeper of a vehicle doesn't make her legal owner, but it's a complication. Friend will know your wife paid, and if it's outside the company, then it's between the two of them legally.

Personally, I would try to come up with a favourable (to you) company value, based on cash in the bank less company debts, and offer her half to GTFO. Explain clearly why that value is reasonable (conveniently forget about assets as much as poss) and hope she doesn't go legal.

Forms below for director resignation and share buy-back:
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/terminate-an-appointment-of-a-director-tm01
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/notify-a-purchase-of-own-shares
 
Nice one, at the moment I think my wifes just in shock and it's come at a bad time (was her birthday yesterday and she's going on a course Friday - Wednesday)

With being off she was counting on her friend being on hand to run the business and cancelling clients at this late stage isn't exactly good for business. Think she's just struggling to see how she can run it on her own so think it may end up being a lesson learnt and seeing if she can use this course to set up something more specific (Dog Hydrotherapy) on her own.
 
Don't get me started! It's ridiculous.

Was looking at equipment and you can buy underwater treadmills for dogs for like £20k!

As I say to my wife when she points out it's a growing market and people pay for their pets, "people are idiots"

Helps that most have insurance which pay I suppose.
 
Just a few more questions if I may?

From a rights point of view? Since one of the directors of the company has verbally stated that they are walking away from the business. What rights do they have with regards to the business whilst they are still legally a partner in the business?

Is it still full access as before? As my wife now has concerns that the friend has a key and could enter at anytime, yet my wife needs to have things on site to continue running the business. Do we just buy a safe and try and put anything official in that? Change the locks? All things come with further cost.

I’m concerned it’s going to end up being very unamicable and it’s going to be tit for tat, as all trust has lost since she walked out with no regard to any existing customers (whilst it sounds like approaching some customers to try and set up on her own).
 
Describing their share ownership as A and B seems wrong - presumably you mean they hold equal and even shares? X and X would be better :p.

Nope, this is what I'm trying to work out and I know she's emailed the solicitor for clarification.

The shares are split between A shares and B shares of which there are 50 of each.
I know in some companies they issue “B” shares which have a lower voting level that “A” shares but I’m struggling to find any mention of the rights of each share in the shareholding agreement.
 
Nope, this is what I'm trying to work out and I know she's emailed the solicitor for clarification.

The shares are split between A shares and B shares of which there are 50 of each.
I know in some companies they issue “B” shares which have a lower voting level that “A” shares but I’m struggling to find any mention of the rights of each share in the shareholding agreement.

They may well be equal - it will be in the Articles of Association. Having different classes just allows dividends to be paid separately. It probably wasn't especially suitable for this business setup, to be honest.

You probably need to speak to a local accountant about the business. I used to work as such, but I'm a few years out of practice now.

The van belongs to your wife, since she paid for it (receipts/proof of payment?). The money invested into the company was probably a director's loan account without formal agreement, so it can't simply be recalled, and is not a preferential creditor. Different classes of shares may offer different voting rights, and may allow your wife to effectively do what she wants, but probably not.
 
Well since you guys were helpful I thought I'd keep you updated. Nothing particularly moved on, except today we sent an email saying there were 2 options

1. The friend signs over the business and we would try and pay her a token gesture based on the sellable assets of the business
2. They wind the company up using the assets to pay towards terminating the lease.

They chose the second option, I assume with the mindset of “if I can’t have it neither can she”, rather than trying to get something out of it.

We’ve already spoken to the letting agent and landlord who have agreed to transfer the business lease to a new company which we have registered so my wife can carry on trading under the new name and without any further concerns. I was initially worried about whether it would be seen as a conflict of interest by my wife however from the advice I’ve had the fact the friend has sent many emails stating she’s walking away and has no intention to continue the business should cover us from any ramifications in the future.

I’ve taken a look and it looks like striking the company off should be relatively simple given the lack of any debts/employees etc and should be something we can do ourselves. The assets then just need to be sold although as mentioned there’s not really anything of value and much of it was put into the company by the 2 directors individually.

So it’s very much a “The King is Dead, Long live the king” (or Queen…)
 
Before you start thinking of winding up the company you really need to speak to an accountant. Get them to draw up accounts including directors' loan accounts positions. Remember the company is a separate legal entity so anything your wife has bought personally is a loan to the company. Your accountant should be able to draw up some accounts which will show how much the company is worth (book value, so ignoring the intangible assets of customer goodwill, etc). If your wife bought everything then it will be worth very little and you can raise the funds to buy the shares at the relevant percentage of book value.

e.g. if the company has profits of £5k for the year after you have paid dividends and owns some machinery of £15k, but your wife bought all of those machines then there is a matching loan of £15k. This leaves net assets of £5k which you could negotiate is the value of the company and you will buy the 50% shares for 50% of the company value.

Note: this is a very simple way of looking at it, especially if you have used some profits to buy the assets, etc.

Try an accountant before a lawyer.
 
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