A BBC test shown on the news this evening:
A Euro 5 diesel VW:
0.180g/km NOx limit
0.664g/km actual figure under normal driving conditions
A Euro 6 diesel Ford:
0.8g/km NOx limit
0.422g/km actual
In their test, both are way above their respective limits. While the test is too limited to draw broad conclusions, the Euro 5 car emitted more NOx than the Euro 6, but the Euro 6 car was 4 times over the limit versus the Euro 5 car's 3 times over the limit. It's an improvement, but not really sufficient.
TBH though, 14 times over the limit (Nissan X-Trail) is ridiculous. That's higher than the Euro 1 limit and certainly draws the question, how much have things improved really? Euro 1 limited NOx to 0.97g/km back in 1993. Over the past 22 years, NOx levels should have fallen to just 0.82% of that figure. Clearly, this hasn't happened.
It isn't just down to the manufacturers though. It would be unfair to place all of the blame with them when the regulations and testing process are so inept as to allow this to happen. Testing has clearly failed.
The crux of the matter is this: performance under testing appears to bare little reflection on emissions performance under normal conditions. As such, there are no real limits on how much NOx, CO2 and particulates an engine can pump out in to the atmosphere once the car hits the market. This has resulted in independent testing finding a range of 2-14 times the legal limit on new Euro 6 cars. This should not be happening and is the result of lax regulation, ineffective testing and manufacturers that are quite happy as long as consumers think they're doing the 'right' thing.