Rachel Dolezal, 37, has been the head of the local branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People, or NAACP, in Spokane, Washington, since January.
But her parents have now told US media that Ms Dolezal is in fact white – and has spent several years deliberately misleading the public and her colleagues about her race.
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Ms Dolezal is a prominent civil rights activists has made headlines several times since 2009 as the victim of hate crimes, including death threats and an alleged run-in with neo-Nazis in Idaho.
She also serves as the chair of a police oversight body called the office of police ombudsman commission and is a professor of Africana Studies at Eastern Washington University, where her research interests include “the intersection of race, gender and class in the contemporary diaspora with a specific emphasis on black women in visual culture.”
In her application for the police ombudsman commission she described herself as mixed-race white, black, and Native American, according to local media reports.