Things that make noise:
- Fan bearings.
- Vibrations from spinning fan.
- Air moving through fan.
- Air moving through mesh, grille, filter, radiator, HDD cage, or even big empty case hole.
- Air moving around internal components (w/c tubes, wires, cables, GPU, mobo components).
- Air bouncing around inside case.
- Air bouncing off other airflows from other fans.
- Side panels vibrating.
- Various 'quiet' noises all combining (imagine one person talking softly, versus fifty people doing it at the same time).
For the record, the quietest I ever had were Corsair Quiet Editions, but they were fairly crap at cooling.
My personal best balance for low noise vs high performance are still the Noctuas on a fan controller (because my mood and thus noise tolerance can change) without the LNA (because I have the fan controller).
But really it comes down to trying them out in your particular setup and against your personal measure of what is/isn't noisy and to science the **** out of that would be more of a mission than it's worth!
