We should be aiming for population reduction regardless. The planet is over-burdened. Malthus was wrong - but he wont be forever. The most effective way of population reduction, happily, isn't totalitarian at all. It's greater education and employment opportunities for women. This has held up time and again as a way of reducing the population. Best of all it is voluntary and has a positive effect on a nation's productivity. Look at what has happened in the West - the main reason our population is so high is because of high immigration. Left to ourselves we would have stabilised. Even in Italy, where Catholicism dominates with its prohibitions against contraceptives and emphasis on child-rearing, the rise of female employment and opportunity was accompanied by a corresponding fall in number of children per family. Contrast that with the developing world where women will have five, maybe more, children each. Unsustainable. And I guarantee it's not because those women find it oh-so-fulfilling to be pregnant and surrounded by screaming **** machines. Schools that include girls, pressure to reduce sexism in the developing world and the Middle East, will ease population pressure there and the resulting immigration pressure on us and inclination to war amongst themselves. In short: Westernise Africa and the Middle East in terms of sexual equality, and we can start bringing down the world population over the next several generations. A billion people on this planet would be plenty to keep culture, art, science, space programs all going well. We could stop referring to people as consumers and start calling them people again. I guarantee, faced with the choice of an interesting career and a year or two break in it to have a couple of children, or sitting in a house juggling five infants or teenagers - most women want the former.