A good question. Yes, but I make it up as I go along rather than having a preconceived image before I start.
I’d start with the basic shapes and concepts (e.g. a tree has a large central trunk) and then look at the drawing and as the missing parts to it (branches, leaves, etc.). It always looks like a child drew it and made loads of mistakes along the way.
I’m not sure what you mean with come up with something artistic. I can make some nice arts and crafts stuff with my kids that starts with a general idea and a selected bunch of resources to execute it. The process is iterative though and the result is often different from the plan.
When you draw can you not just compare your drawing to your mind’s eye and correct it to look the same? I can copy a drawing pretty well if I have the reference material in front of me.
Artistic was probably a clumsy word to use for what I meant. Let's say "creative" instead.
For example: In the past, part of my job as an analyst was to help conceptualise mobile apps or site functionality. I would take desired outcomes ( i.e: User was able to do X) and then turn those into high fidelity wireframes (drawings that's not design, but a good approximation of what someone can expect it to function like). I would form a picture in my mind of what it should look like, and then execute on that vision.
From your responses in this thread, it seems like you'd list out step-by-step what the user in the above scenario must do to get to the desired outcome, but how would you be able to execute on designing the above, if you can't visualise how it all comes together?