How are you populating data? Directly in the table, via a form, via SQL statements?
Ideally you do not want to store this data anywhere but the table which defines what these values are, this gives you flexibility shoudl you ever want to change the values without needing to run whole updates on tables. Create a new table defaultValues (for example) then join your column 1 entries on this when you report/output the data.
If you are designing in Access then just create the tables and join Column 1 in your Data table to Column 1 in the defaultValue table and when you report it will JOIN as required.
Edit - Nevermind the below, totally missed the 'Access' part
Excel I assume?
VLOOKUP
So in Column 2:
=VLOOKUP(A2,$D$2:$E$6,2)
This will look for the entry in Cell A2 in a table of 2 columns (D2 to E6, the $ signs dictate that these values should NEVER change when you copy the forumla into other cells with, for example, the drag handle) and return the result from column 2 of that table.
The Table would contain the data to search on in Column D and the returned results in Column E.