The TDP rating doesn't account for heat *density*.
My 280mm aio can handle my 16 core 5950X running at ~200w but cant keep the 5800X3D off its thermal limit. (And I don't think it even pulls 130w at full load)
The 5950X has the heat spread out over two chiplets and neither of the chiplets in the 5950X is blanketed under a huge Vcache die.
I'm not complaining. The X3D does a better job gaming than the 5950X and it doesn’t take much to keep it cool while gaming. -but all-core loads are a big challenge for cooling.
I want to update this a bit because I just discovered something that may be helpful for others.
It seems there is an ambient temperature "tipping point" of sorts.
I live in Florida and my room temp is usually around 24C +/- 2C, but today I woke up to 19C temps in the house (finally feels a little like winter) and decided to play with benchmarks a bit before breakfast. I noticed that my CPU stayed much cooler than the 5C ambient temp difference.
Out of curiosity, I fired up CB R23 and my CPU stabilized in the high 70's (3 full loops with no increase in temps). When my room temp is just ~5C higher, my CPU will get to 90C before it finishes just two full runs, and it steadily increases, from the start, over that short time period.
I don't know if it's just temperature or if humidity also plays a role, (42% this morning when normally 50-60%) but there's more going on than simply a fixed number "over ambient".
Once ambient gets over a certain point the CPU, at full load, will just continue getting hotter while the cooler struggles until it reaches the 90C limit.