Generally speaking: it is only a few percent hit on the 5080, so you're not going to notice, but if your workload actually needs the speed of the PCIE5 e.g. for massive file copies/transfers, then you WILL notice that, assuming the SSD can sustain those speeds.
AM5: ughh, that's a complicated one. Generally speaking: ANY AM5 board which has a PCIE 5.0 M.2 slot (they don't all) can offer that without any impact on the GPU lanes, but when you need to use multiple M.2 slots it is very easy to get lane sharing again. Technically, AM5 CPUs can offer up to 2x M.2 slots (PCI-E 5.0 or 4.0) without any impact on the GPU, but with the latest X870/X870E boards, they usually use 4 of the CPU's 8 spare lanes for USB4, which means you may only get 1 M.2 slot that has no lane sharing.
So I've got 1 x gen 5 SSD and a second gen 4 drive, so I'd need to find a board that can accommodate that and the 5080 at x16 speeds without any compromise.