I have a Phd and yes, it helped greatly. From the logistics side more job opertunities,easier visa process, higher salary, broader spectrum of potential jobs. From a work side yes, the ability to manage my time and large projects without micromanagement, communicating technical details both orally and in writing (writing a patent is much like writing scientific journal paper), managing others, researching new methods to tackle novel problems, ability to think outside the box, rapidly browse and process existing scientific literature to find appropriate algorithms and methodologies.
I agree with this.
I have a degree in software engineering (graduated 10 years ago), and while not always true, the code I write tends to be of better quality than my peers who don't have a software/CS related degree largely due to the formal design techniques I was taught and the critical thinking process a degree helps to instil within you.
That said, a lot of it has to do with where and what you work on - I'm currently contracting at a large investment bank working of their middle-ware trading platforms. That's quite a different kettle of fish to say, someone maintaining a website so it can be quite environment specific.