This is really interesting to me. I thought the measure of diabetes was having elevated blood sugar levels. As measured with a pin ***** test you are (roughly speaking) under 6mmol/L before meals and under 8 an hour and a half after you are normal.
In this thread it seems people can have normal blood sugar levels but be diabetic and given medication based on HbA1c and/or(?) glucose tolerance test.
Some years ago I went to the doctor complaining of constant thirst/rapidly peeing out whatever I drank. I can't remember what blood tests I was given but definitely not a glucose tolerance test. Based on the results the doctor said there was nothing wrong with me and "maybe I was just a thirsty type of person".
Since then, every once in a while, I take my blood sugar levels before and after eating. I had assumed this would pick up any abnormality if one developed.
Yeah, the under 6 mmol/l etc is expected for metabolically healthy people or for those who have been diagnosed as pre/diabetic and have tuned medication or lifestyle choices.
One can temporarily have diabetes symptoms for a short period of time due to illness.
A glucose tolerance test is used to similarly measure the body's glucose response over a period of time.
HbA1c represents average blood glucose over a two to three month period. It can be normal, prediabetes or diabetes.
One can test using a blood glucose monitor when fasted first thing in the morning to monitor blood glucose homeostasis.
The insulin:glucagon ratio produced by the pancreas determines it.
The normal range is 4 to 6 mmol/l and the more I tune my lifestyle to regulate blood glucose levels, the lower it can go.
Cortisol peaks in the morning and can result in liver glycogen stores being converted back into glucose resulting in elevated morning blood glucose.
Exercise first thing in the morning is a great way to dispose of excess blood glucose but anyone on diabetic medication or having T1 should be mindful of big changes to their lifestyle to ensure their medication can be safely adjusted over time.