adapative, I can't remember exactly, it alternates between say 4x and 2xaa rather than just 4xaa, its more technical than that but this late, tired, sleeping pill thats as good as it gets
box is supposed to be the bog standard style, narrow/wide tent are supposed to increase accuracy and I think edge detect is supposed to be the most accurate however if its faster for you, its probably due to the game not supporting edge detect or something so its reverting to something else, maybe just no aa.
I think its as stands, normally theres 2/4/6/8xaa options, essentially using say narrow tent with 2xaa is really giving you effectively a reduced quality(slightly) 4xaa effect, its somewhere inbetween. Wide tent increases the quality a little more to 6xaa(ish) and edge detect takes it to roughly 8xaa. So the 24xaa option you see talked about is actually the 8xaa option with edge detect enabled.
http://www.anandtech.com/video/showdoc.aspx?i=2988&p=14
Its damn hard to tell the difference even more so in the pics/zoom/size they used, but its the best I could find.
In reality 8xaa box should be faster than 8xaa edge detect, but its perfectly possible the game/driver is bugging and reverting to say 2xaa with edge detech which should be comparable in quality but faster. Adaptive should make things faster still normally.
Again depends on the game, if you want to test it out and "try" to see the difference I'd suggest an older, well patched, popular game that likely has had any/all kinks worked out by now

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