Across multiple upgrades and many overclocks I've found that if Prime/Orthos runs for more than about ten minutes without errors, *and* 3DMarkwhatever completes, the build will be fine 99.99%... unless you're doing something really important on that machine. In which case, why are you overclocking?
If one of those conditions isn't met, the overclock's not stable. Usually if there's something wrong you find out pretty quickly unless it's a memory error way down at the "far" end of your address range. Memtest will pick that up more reliably, and quickly though.