had the same issue, basically the key is an upgrade key and if you install windows from scratch it won't accept the key. you've done the right thing in just installing without the key you've got 30 days to register. This is how to clean install W7 upgrade to new HDD:
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Boot up the PC with the Windows 7 Upgrade DVD disc media into DVD-ROM drive.
Note: May need to change boot sequence or boot order of device in BIOS, and/or press any key to boot from CD/DVD drive.
Follow the Windows 7 Install Wizard to install the operating system on the blank, empty and clean system.
During installation, when prompted for a product key, DO NOT enter the upgrade version product key.
Tip: This step is to prevent “Invalid Product Key” error. User can try to input the serial number to check if setup accepts the key. If it’s accepted, all the rest of steps can be skipped.
Unselect and untick the Automatically activate Windows when I’m online check box during the installation process.
After Windows 7 is installed, boot up to desktop, and manually enter the Windows 7 upgrade product key to activate online or activate via phone.
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if it doesn't activate try the following
Workaround 1: Use SLMgr Commands to Insert Product Key and Activate
Open an elevated command prompt as administrator.
Use the following command to install product key:
slmgr -ipk <upgrade product key>
Activate Windows 7 with the following command:
slmgr -ato
thanks to this site, saved my life:
http://www.mydigitallife.info/2009/...t-key-on-formatted-or-empty-blank-hard-drive/