I used to live over there mate- here is my quick tourist guide to Amsterdam:
Check out the Rijksmuseum, Van Gogh museum and the Stedelijk Museum. All three are great galleries. Part of the Rijks was closed for a while for refurbishments so might be worth checking its open again now.
Check out what is happening at the Melkweg during your stay. It is an excellent venue that hosts big concerts etc. (
www.melkweg.nl). There might be some bands on you like
The Spui area is host to a load of 'brown' style cafe bars. These are a great place to while away a few hours before dinner. Cafe Luxembourg and the big one on the corner (that I can't remember the name of) are good in the Spui area.
Just off the Spui is my fave coffeeshop 'De Dampkring'. Good venue that serves beer and nice smokes....if that's your thing. Worth a visit just to see the crazy decor of the front of the shop. The Spui area is typically dutch and a lot less touristy than the damrak/centrum area and is a fave of mine compared to the town centre so I recommend there highly
Clubbing, I like the Arena club. Just outside of town centre and a bit picky on door policy so don't turn up in crap clothes. There are plenty of clubs in town, best to just get there and pick up some fliers/look out for posters to see what is happening while you are there and finding out if there are any DJ's you want to see. But as others have said, Rembrantsplein and Leidseplein are also decent enough to have a night out.
Just be careful in the red light district. Ignore the men pushing hard drugs at all costs, walk like you have a purpose and are try not to look too touristy. Do NOT take any pics in the red light district or you are liable to have your camera forceably removed by a pimp and thrown into the canal.
Most of all, have fun!