The speed of your connection depends totally on the quality of your line to start with.
BT and the other LLU operators provide DSLMAX, and on exchanges that have the gear fitted ADSL2 or ADSL2+ connections.
As I said the quality of the line is the most important factor in speed. all lines are twisted pairs, but they can be copper 0.4mm 0.5mm or 0.6mm diam cable and the 0.6 one is the best just like a speaker wire the thicker the better. Copper can also handle the signal better, with not too much loss of the higher tones used by ADSL2/2+ as the latter uses a high bandwidth of 2.2Mhz. the old Ali cables that were used when copper was in short supply don't like the DSL signals too much it has a far poorer signal quality so has higher losses.
As you know all lines from the Exchange to the customer are installed by BT Openreach, and not the LLU Provider like Sky or TalkTalk. They just lease the line off BT, any faults BT Openreach fix them.
This is why some longer runs can have has good a connection as some of the older short lines the difference is the copper wire.
Most of the ali wire should have been replaced in the late 90's early 2000's but not all has been changed but these are the main factors for poor BB speeds.
Other things that can affect your speed is local RF/EMC problems from this like Microwaves, power lines, thermostats anything like that as this induces Electrical Noise on your line.
Also poor Telephone extension wiring, cheep extension kits and the like can also affect your Broadband.