Recent technological advances in electricity distribution and load management that make use of information and communications technologies, referred to as “smart grids”, promise to facilitate the integration of EVs into electricity load and to lower costs. Smartgrid technology can enable EV-charging (grid-to-vehicle, or G2V) load to be shifted to off-peak periods, thereby flattening the daily load curve and significantly reducing both generation and network investment needs. Advanced metering equipment is an essential component, enabling a two-way flow of information and providing customers and utilities with real-time data and enabling customers to schedule charging intelligently. In the longer term, there may be potential for smart-grid technology to enable EVs to be used as distributed storage devices, feeding electricity stored in their batteries back into the system when needed (vehicle-to-grid, or V2G, supply). This can help to reduce electricity system costs by providing a cost-effective means of providing regulation services, spinning reserves and peak-shaving capacity. In this way, EVs could both benefit from and drive forward investment in smart grids. However, there are a number of technical, practical and economic barriers to such a development, including low battery discharge rates and storage capacity. Developments in battery technology will be critical to the future of V2G supply.