They're not identical, and it's not just a "phony cap" that separates ADSL2 and ADSL. ADSL2 and ADSL2+ are more closely related.
ADSL1 (G.992.1) uses the frequency range 138-1100 kHz for upstream, and packs 8 Mbps in that range.
ADSL2 (G.992.3) uses the frequency range 138-1100 kHz for upstream, and packs 12 Mbps in that range.
ADSL2+ (G.992.5) uses the frequency range 138-2200 kHz for upstream, and packs 24 Mbps in that range.
All of the above use DMT modulation.
2/2+ might be more similar in terms of features and protocols, but quite clearly, G.992.1 is limited compared to G.992.3, whilst they use the same bandwidth. G.992.5 uses roughly twice the bandwidth of G.992.1/3, so
Clearly, since they use the same bandwidth, ADSL1 and ADSL2 performance would be closely related, where as ADSL2+ performance is dependant upon the attenuation of your line in the range 1.1-2.2 MHz, which can only be guesstimated from attenuation from ADSL1.
The gain from G.992.1/3 to G.992.5 would be your maximum 100% of your G.992.3 synch, plus an additional percentage again, dependent upon how much of the 1.1-2.2 MHz range is attenuated. The attenuation reported for your line is not a constant; rather it varies according to what frequency block (cell) of bandwidth you are looking at. Attenuation increases with increasing frequency, so higher frequency cells are attenuated more than lower frequency cells, which is why its only an additonal percentage.
So yeah, you want to talk technical, I'm down with that

, but from a layman's point of view, ADSL1 is very similar to ADSL2 in terms of performance, which is the main metric used these days.