It looks like you have the type of inlet valve that has two types of adjustment. The fine adjustment is the screw on the left. This raises and lowers the float. You raise it to get more water in the cistern. If this isn't enough the tube of the inlet on the right can be made longer or shorter (the bottom tube sits inside the top tube). This is a much coarser/larger adjustment. There's usually some kind of locking clip/ring/collar on these so you can extend them up and down. A good starting point is usually to extend the stem to a little under the level of the cistern, and then make a fine adjustment with the screw.
Just make sure you close off the water before you change the stem of the inlet valve, and lock it off with the collar before you turn the water on. If it's under pressure, it can blow off and flood your bathroom.
If you raise the water level too high, you may find water running into the bowl. This is the overflow and can usually be changed by adjusting the syphon in the middle of the cistern, or lowering the water level with the inlet valve.