No, ABS is designed so that you can steer while a lead footed driver with poor brake pedal control brakes hard and would have locked up the wheels. You can't steer on ice no matter what system you have (apart from studded tyres) so it might as well be locked up. Same applies in a straight line, you can't slow down on ice if it's locked up or not, so ABS is of no benefit.
ABS is helpful for a lot of drivers who have poor braking technique. They want to slow down quickly so they stamp on the pedal, forgetting that it requires a delicate touch just like the clutch pedal does. Driving a car without ABS for a while will teach you a thing or two about the delicacy required when using the brake pedal.
Given the scenario where you are driving on a road with patchy ice, and your right tyres go over any icy patch while the left are still on good tarmac while braking, the right side will lock up and have no braking effect while the left side will. This will cause the car to steer to the left on its own, ABS wont be able to help in this situation because even with the brakes pulsating there will still be more braking effect on the left side. However, one of the fancy electronic braking distribution systems that falls under the DSC umbrella WILL be able to help you out by detecting the difference in wheel speed and undesired directional change, and perhaps by reducing the braking force on the left side would be able to stop the undesired direction change.