C4 Corvettes come with a choice of 4 transmissions, depending on year.
You have (I think, from memory here):
- The Doug-Nash '4+3' manual overdrive gearbox, rated to about 350/450ft.lb. The actual gearbox is quite strong but the overdrive is the weak link. Bit of a clunky, but fun, gearbox too.
- The ZF 6-speed manual gearbox, available from about 1989 onwards, rated to about 500-700ft.lb depending on where you look (I don't know for sure, but the factory Callaway cars made this on the same box). This is an expensive gearbox to repair though.
- The 700R-4 (4L60) four speed overdrive automatic gearbox - will take about 400/500ft.lb. Most Corvettes come with this and it's not the strongest bit of kit - but it's cheap, and easy, to rebuild and freshen up with good parts. I had mine removed, rebuilt entirely, and refitted for under £1500. Had lasted 160,000 miles though
- The 4L60-E (electronically controlled) four speed overdrive automatic, which came in around 1994 I think - a later version of above. Take about 400-600ft.lb according to the majority, more with a freshen up and a few nice bits.
None of those are dead set limits though (and I stand to be corrected!) - as mentioned, power delivery, torque, traction and the rest of the drivetrain will alter what each transmission will and won't take. All of the autoboxes can be rebuilt easily to handle more power, or swapped out for a TH350 or similar which can be built to take ridiculous power on the cheap.
To some extent as well, if you're just doing top speed runs, you might be able to get away with a weaker box - as you won't necessarily be launching hard off the line or really tearing up the transmission - but obviously if you've got a really strong engine then you're going to be putting a lot of torque through it as you accelerate hard and that could still pose some issues.
Autoboxes are the best if you want to accelerate in a straight line to some degree, as they provide a reliable and repeatable launch and delivery of power each time (hence why the majority of drag racers always use autoboxes). They can be good for top speed runs too, as the final drive tends to be lower allowing for a greater top end - but keeping the trans fluid cool on such a run can be difficult, and the box tends to have to be uprated in order to stop it damaging itself at high RPMs - as you won't necessarily have enough gears to keep on pulling so you'll be revving up instead.
Obviously the 6 speed manual would be the one to have, as with the right rear end you could easily get the correct ratios you need and allow the car to keep accelerating, by changing up at peak torque and keeping it rolling......4+3 would be 'interesting' but I don't know whether you could get the overdrive to handle the power, although once you're moving it might not be an issue.
Here's a C4 Corvette with the LT1 and ZF6 running a naturally aspirated 197MPH in a standing mile, with stock transmission and rear end, a stroker kit, aftermarket heads, nitrous oxide injection and a few other nice bits like an aggressive cam, sports exhaust and ignition system - but what was expensive was the £5000 worth of safety gear to protect him (Cage, harnesses, suit, extinguisher, etc...)!
I mean, a stock LT1 will pull 170-odd in good health anyway, with enough room!
