Odd question but what shoe/cover set up do you have? As I assume you need to keep all of that dry unless you want some shocks. I use my outdoor walking boots with my outdoor trousers on top of my cycling shorts. It's a terrible combo I know and my feet are soaking if it's a wet dayAs most of you know I suffer cold hands/feet pretty bad, but like to ride outside despite the pain, I picked up some cheap insole warmers last week and a portable usb power pack and went out on Sunday morning, it was 0c average across the ride, but it was revolutionary, my feet were warm throughout with just one pair of socks on compared to my 2-3 i've been riding over the past few months. Best part is that it cost less than £15 total.
https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005001355182213.html?spm=a2g0s.9042311.0.0.1ba14c4dqDhuSI and one of these battery packs
https://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/Mini-Fast-Charging-Power-Bank-50000mAh-Ultra-thin-External-Battery-Charger-2-USB/224317284537?ssPageName=STRK:MEBIDX:IT&_trksid=p2057872.m2749.l2

As mentioned, the chainring and cassette look good. Just very 'dry'!
The rust you're seeing is mostly due to that, but also it being put away damp (impossible not to this time of year, especially if storing outside or putting away after cleaning without fully drying & lubing). The increased amount of salt on the roads just makes things rust very very quickly. You'll see it with the disks on your car too if it's stood for a few days. But in your case it's that really light 'dusty' colour. It's very light surface dust due to the surfaces being 'dry' from salt water washing away the lube (or not enough being there), then it kinda dries out and rusts. It'll sound extra squeaky when ridden as it's so dry. A good scrub with a chain cleaner, or even a good hard rub with a rag and some GT85 will clear that right off, then lube it up.
Cassettes can be tricky. It's very hard to tell 'by eye' if you're spreading the gears you're using that they're worn. That's why a chain checker is a sound investment - if you're looking at doing your own maintenance. If you're not looking to do your own maintenance then be prepared for your halfords/LBS to recommend you a new chain and cassette every year or so whenever they see it (it's not in their best interest for you to get maximum wear out of your components)...
I'm probably a bad one for this (as I probably don't change cassettes as frequently as I should, so I get through lots of chains), but I judge it by when usually the shifting gets a little 'grindy', or skips if you can't see any defined wear on the most used parts of the cassette. What I tend to look for are the corners on the cogs themselves in these heavy traffic areas of the cassette (where riding & changing more). So on a hybrid like yours, (mostly ridden on the road?), that would be the upper end of the cassette.
Thank you, some really useful info there. Will get some GT85 and look into a chain cleaner (been using two nail brushes). My gut feeling is saying, it's probably fine for now and I will do a better job in maintaining it - then a new cassette/chain maybe later in the year/when the situation becomes worse.
Just to confirm the right steps for cleaning; soap and water or Muc-off to clean the bike down, degrease the cassette and chain if needed and then wait for it to dry completely and then put some GT85 on?
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