Russian forces resumed offensive operations in support of their envelopment of Kyiv on March
2 but made few territorial advances. Russian forces resumed offensive operations on both axes of advance
toward Kyiv after largely pausing for 72 hours to reinforce and resupply their troops north and west of Kyiv.
Russian operations to envelop Kyiv are Moscow’s main effort. Russian troops are also undertaking three
supporting efforts, one to seize Kharkiv, one to take Mariupol and secure the “land bridge” connecting Rostov-
on-Don to Crimea, and one to secure Kherson and set conditions for a drive west toward Mykolayiv and Odesa.
The three supporting operations were active in the last 24 hours; Russian forces likely captured Kherson and
began a bombardment of critical civilian infrastructure in Mariupol in a likely effort to force the city to surrender
while making few territorial gains in Kharkiv.
The Russian attack on Kyiv likely consists of a main effort aimed at enveloping and ultimately
encircling the city from the west and a supporting effort along the axes from Chernihiv and Sumy
to encircle it from the east. The long Russian column of combat and logistics vehicles observed north of Kyiv
in the last 48 hours is likely now supporting attacks directly into the city from positions Russian forces maintain
in Kyiv’s northwestern outskirts. However, Russian forces are more likely to prioritize the
envelopment/encirclement in the coming days, rather than a direct assault into the city.
Russian forces resumed frontal assaults on Kharkiv on March 2 and continued using area-attack weapons, dramatically increasing the damage to civilian infrastructure and civilian
casualties. Russian ground forces appear to be conducting another frontal assault on Kharkiv from the
northeast rather than enveloping the city and will likely face protracted Ukrainian resistance.
Russian forces in the south likely secured Kherson, began bombarding civilian infrastructure in
Mariupol in a likely attempt to force the city to surrender without a direct assault, and appear to
be holding their positions south of Zaporizhia.
Russian forces will likely resume offensive operations towards Mykolayiv in the next 24 hours but do not appear to pose an imminent danger to Odesa. Russian forces
likely seek to force Mariupol to capitulate by destroying critical civilian infrastructure and killing civilians to
create a humanitarian catastrophe – an approach Russian forces have repeatedly taken in Syria. A Russian drive
north through or near Zaprozhya to cut off Ukrainian forces fighting along the line of contact appears very
unlikely in the next 24-72 hours.