Per ICAO Annex 6, Part I, section 4.3.6 "Fuel Requirements," airplanes should calculate their required fuel quantity as follows (summary; see below for actual ICAO text):
- Taxi fuel
- Trip fuel (to reach intended destination)
- Contingency fuel (higher of 5% of "trip fuel" or 5 minutes of holding flight)
- Destination alternate fuel (to fly a missed and reach an alternate)
- Final reserve fuel (45 minutes of holding flight for reciprocating engines, 30 minutes for jets)
- Additional fuel (if needed to guarantee ability to reach an alternate with an engine failure or at lower altitude due to a pressurization loss)
- Discretionary fuel (if the pilot in command wants it)