ALthough the idea in the OP may work I'd suggest looking at a single decent rechargable 12v battery (or regulated 5v battery and do away with the transformer). I can't see the battery being that expensive, normally the cost ramps up when you start getting circuitry with them.
Also I'd look into creating a fake "battery" for the phone itself so I could run the phone directly from the home made battery. Constant trickle charging may damage your phones battery (and would also reduce the voltage needed for the battery). If you got a reasonable regulated battery/system then it should be fine and it could last for days!
Also may be worth looking at the candlepower forums, yes they are mainly torch fanatics but the regulation and general circuitry will be the same.
Just depends how interested/much of a whiz you are in electronics and how much you want to spend.
(I love doing this sort of thing myself)
GOOGLE "bike dynamo phone charger"
Read the OP again.
Any suggestions for 12V batteries? Not sure what I'd search as all I get is car batteries
Technically it's not trickle charging, actually float charging controlled by the phone circuitry, so not too bad hopefully. I also want to maintain the ability to unplug the phone quickly (if it rains for instance) and have it stay running.
I could build a regulator, I'd just rather I didn't have toThe car charger accepts a 10-30V input and outputs 5V USB, so seems perfect for an easy bodge. I just need to get the battery/capacity choice right for the input.
See above.
D batteries have much greater capacity than AA's but still work at the same voltage, so I would use them instead of AA's.
Surprisingly, this isn't the case. The high performance line doesn't seem to be available in C and D sizes for some reason, so I'd be looking at the cheaper versions with lesser capacities, and in the end it comes to AA @ 2450mAh vs C/D @ 2200mAh.
I'd be less worried about the power and more worried about the extra weight you'd be carrying during a long cycle.
You're trying to get a square peg in a round hole. Use a cycle computer - that's what they're designed for.
You can buy around 10,000mAh D batteries, I don't know where you're looking.
http://www.battery-force.co.uk/detail_AMDNIM002C-Ansmann-MaxE-D-NiMH-8500mAh-Pack-of-2.html
That's just the shop category it's listed in.
Any high capacity battery is going to be heavier and more expensive. All that energy has to be stored somewhere.
Even these ones are twice AA capacity though.
http://www.battery-force.co.uk/detail_AMDNIM002A-Ansmann-D-NiMH-5000mAh-Pack-of-2.html
And that's just one website, there are a million retailers of batteries.
Lithium batteries of that type aren't rechargeable are they? So that would end up costing much more over time.