Removing the other drives should make things more straightforward and will also reduce the chances of you accidentally overwriting the wrong drive.
What motherboard is it?
Are the SATA drives connected to the motherboard directly or via an add in card?
Old drive = IDE
New drive = SATA?
If so, look for SATA drive mode. Which motherboard is it?
So it boots okay and gets into Windows with only the two IDE drives connected?
What happens with only the one drive attached? We need details of what it does and any error messages.
The trick with errors like that is to stick them straight into Google.
The first results suggest that it could be related to a 'USB powered M-Audio device' which could sense as you say it's a music PC.
So it likely is M-Audio related. Presumably there's something M-Audio related on the removed drive that the system is trying to run when you start Windows.
Is there any reason why you can't reinstall Windows 10 from scratch? At this point I think it'd be the simplest option.
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You boot from the created USB drive which then leads you through the installation process.
Have only the new target HDD connected.
When you get to the drive selection part of the install delete any existing partitions.
If you have a quick Google there'll be loads of guides available telling you how to install Windows.