I agree, I think MS has actually made networking more complicated in the last few versions of Windows despite their attempts at the opposite. DLNA wasn't the most intuitive to configure, when I tried that it was very hit and miss as to a pathway of what the user should be enabling.
I'm all for this new WiDi though since reading about it, it just seems such a useful feature it's quite surprising someone didn't come up with it years ago. I had been looking at Chromecast for Android but once this WiDi stuff is figured, it seems a much better solution. I read somewhere that the previous version, I think it was 3.5 introduced the ability to cast 3D stuff and hdcp protected content, blu rays and more.
I have a Panasonic Viera too so will be looking out for this feature in a future laptop, tablet and phone.
I take it you don't have any items with a yellow explanation mark in the device manager?
Does the WiDi device show up in Windows under Control Panel > Devices and Printers? I know my other media devices show up there as in the DLNA ones. Some items in this screen can be right clicked to access settings and / or properties.
The fact that it doesn't give a more useful error is poor development really as it should be easy to capture at which point in a sequence it falls over and output a human understandable reason. However, have you had a good look in the Event Viewer (right click start menu).
Is the wireless adapter in the XPS an Intel one?
Found this on lifehacker, which speaks of installing Intel My Wi-Fi Dashboard to enable WiFi Direct. Before doing this though, do you have anything describing itself as a WiFi Direct network adapter in the Device Manager?
http://lifehacker.com/how-can-i-connect-two-windows-8-machines-with-wi-fi-dir-1441290813
So when you go into Control Panel > System and Security > Windows Firewall > Allowed applications, you don't have WiDiApp and Wireless PAN DHCP Server listed at all?