Post soviet republics, especially in central Asia are quite underdeveloped in terms of societal institutions or any democratic process and since USSR dissolution all of them settled into tribal authoritarian regime. Economic development is lacklustre, nepotism and cronyism is just the only reality, if you're not part of the family/tribe then there is no chance of success. This is of course absolutely terrible for the populace.
So protests make absolute sense and even though reasons for protests seem absurd and likely was just the last straw rather than key issue (gas prices are crazy cheap even after the change, this is not a legitimate reason to protest). So general displeasure from the populace is absolutely understandable but the violent response seems to come out of nowhere.
I was not paying particularly close attention to what was going on but I think protests were peaceful until Tokayev removed Nazarbayev as the head of the security council, which leads me to believe that Tokayev had used protests as a pretext to do a soft coup and remove Nazarbayev's tribe from key positions of power.
Unless I missed something (and correct me if I am in fact wrong on that) it is only after Nazarbayev was ousted did we start seeing major violence in Astana.
Tokayev's request for Russia's peacekeeper's make sense as he cannot trust internal security forces not to side with Nazarbayev.
My point is that what is happening is not particularly people vs dictator but rather old guard vs new guard and this is where the violence and bloodshed is happening.
On the other side are the actual peaceful people protesting the awful authoritarian structure that are caught up in the middle. I do not think Tokayev particularly needs to kill protestors to calm things down despite western media painting a narrative that he is mowing his people down with orders shoot to kill without asking questions.
Anybody more involved in Kazakhstan can confirm deny the above suspicion?
Edit: correction, I think most of the violence is happening in Almaty.
Edit2: I think I am way off, apparently Nazarbayev did not flea and supports Tokayev. Not a lot of information is coming (not a lot of people seem to be interested in Kazakhstan).
All of this does not make a lot of sense, I never expected Kazakhstan to be such a powder keg, I wonder how long until public will get to see the whole picture, what and why happened, was it really just theatrics to silence protests? Time will tell.